CORE CRIMINAL LAW SUBJECTS: Crimes: Article 128 - Assault

2006


United States v. Bean, 62 M.J. 264 (engaging the safety of a loaded, operable firearm while pointing it at another, as a matter of law, does not remove its character as a dangerous weapon).

 

2001

United States v. Rivera, 54 MJ 489 (testing for legal sufficiency of the evidence, and in the context of this case, the members could have properly rejected the parental discipline defense and concluded that one closed-fist punch to the stomach can cause substantial risk of serious bodily injury; the burden of establishing substantial risk can be met without manifestation of actual harm).

(evidence of assault consummated by a battery upon a child was legally sufficient and overcame defense of parental discipline where the members could have properly found that the force used was unreasonable because:  (1) the child was struck with a closed-fist in the stomach; (2) there was legally sufficient evidence to conclude that the child was struck with sufficient force so as to fall down, and thus with sufficient force so as to cause a substantial risk of serious bodily injury when punched; and (3) it was reasonably within the common knowledge of the members that a blow to the stomach that is strong enough to knock a 13-year-old down creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury).

United States v. Szentmiklosi, 55 MJ 487 (the forcible taking of property belonging to one entity from the person or presence of multiple individuals jointly or constructively possessing the property on behalf of the entity is one offense chargeable under Article 122, UCMJ; however, liability for the lesser-included offense of intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm in violation of Article 128, UCMJ, may lie if the violence committed against one or more of the victims is gratuitous and distinct from the violence necessary to effect the robbery).

United States v. Marbury, 56 MJ 12 (assault with a dangerous weapon does not require that the prosecution prove that the person assaulted suffered bodily harm; the critical question is whether appellant’s threatening conduct with the weapon created in the mind of the victim a reasonable apprehension of receiving immediate bodily harm, not whether it caused the injuries).

(a claim that the victim’s injury was an accident did not raise a viable defense to an offer-type assault with a dangerous weapon where the question is whether appellant’s threatening conduct with the weapon created in the mind of the victim a reasonable apprehension of receiving immediate bodily harm, not whether it caused the injuries).

(where appellant testified that she clearly brandished her knife in the victim’s face in an effort to scare him into leaving her room, and then he jumped her, the Court of Criminal Appeals and the members could draw an inference that a reasonable apprehension of bodily harm was created in the victim by appellant’s conduct).

2000

United States v. Diggs, 52 MJ 251 (whether noncommissioned officer is on a frolic of revenge when attempting to apprehend suspect is question of fact for finder of fact; a legally sufficient evidentiary basis exists for deciding that apprehending individual was acting as a noncommissioned officer in the execution of his office where:  (1) there was evidence of a soldier being caught in the act of committing a crime; (2) there was evidence of restraint by a noncommissioned officer; and (3) there was evidence the noncommissioned officer employed normal apprehension procedures to terminate this potentially explosive situation).

(whether noncommissioned officer divested himself of the protections of office is a question of fact for the members to decide based on the circumstances of the case and under appropriate instructions).

(divestiture case law does not establish a per se rule that once an officer engages in misconduct, he can never assert or regain his status or office; legally sufficient evidence to overcome divestiture existed where noncommissioned officer desisted in his illegal conduct and, thereafter, attempted to resolve the issue within appropriate military channels).

United States v. Johnson, 54 MJ 67 (while backrubs may, under some circumstances, constitute offensive touching and thus be an assault consummated by a battery under Article 128, UCMJ, the evidence in this case was legally insufficient to sustain a finding of guilty:  (1) there was no indication that the alleged victim was unable to protest appellant’s actions; (2) the alleged victim felt comfortable enough to simply shrug appellant off; (3) the alleged victim provided no testimony that any of the various touchings that marked her relationship with appellant were offensive; (4) the only difficulty the alleged victim had with the backrubs was related to appellant’s poor judgment in giving the backrubs openly and notoriously in the work environment; (5) although appellant’s conduct may have violated other social or military norms, his bad judgement did not support a criminal conviction for assault consummated by a battery; and (6) the alleged victim did not report any of appellant’s conduct until she heard about a separate charge against appellant).

1999

United States v. Mayo, 50 MJ 473 (the intentional throwing of a 19-month-old child into a pile of clothes on the floor, with sufficient force and from a sufficient height to fracture the child’s femur, is an act that a reasonable factfinder could determine was culpably negligent; the intentional act of throwing the child, combined with the resulting injury, completes the battery and provides legally sufficient evidence to support conviction for assault consummated by a battery on a child under 16 years).

United States v. Griffin, 50 MJ 480 (assault with a dangerous weapon requires a general intent to assault the victim, and the mere use of a weapon in the course of an assault satisfies the weapon element of the offense, regardless whether the assailant intended to use the weapon to effect the assault).


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